EVOLUTION- Practical

CELL BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION- Theory

Course outcomes:

  • To help the students to gain knowledge on the structural and functional organization of cells.
  • Study cell organelles and the various metabolic pathways vital for life.
  • Study the fundamental concepts of evolutionary biology and  understand how evolutionary forces have shaped the diversity of life on Earth.

 

Key words: Cell, Organelles, Cell cycle, Evolution, Phylogenetic Tree, Mass Extinction.

Unit 1: Introduction to Cell Biology                                                                    (15 lectures)

History of cell biology; Cell theory; Diversity of cell size and shape; Micrometry; Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell wall - structure and function; Cell membrane - Fluid Mosaic Model; Transport across cell membrane - passive, active and facilitated transport; endocytosis and exocytosis.

Unit 2: Cell Organelles                                                                                          (20 lectures)

Structure and function of the organelles: Mitochondria and Chloroplast - role in energy transactions; Endoplasmic Reticulum - types and structure; Golgi Apparatus - organization, protein glycosylation, protein sorting and export from Golgi Apparatus; Lysosomes, Peroxisomes and Vacuoles; Cytoskeleton - function and structure of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediary filament; Nucleus and its organization; Nucleolus.

Unit 3: Cell division and cycle                                                                              (10 lectures)

Cell division - phases of eukaryotic cell cycle; mitosis and meiosis; Regulation of cell cycle - checkpoints and role of protein kinases; Introduction to Cancer Cell Biology; Apoptosis (Cell Death)

Unit 4: Origin and evolution of life forms                                                         (15 lectures)

Overview of Geological Time Scale; Origin of prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Origin of eukaryotic cell (Endosymbiotic theory); RNA world hypothesis; Evidences of evolution - Analogy and Homology; Evolution - tree of life (TOL); Phylogenetic tree.

Unit 5: Concept of Speciation and variation                                                    (15 lectures)

Plant speciation; Allopatric, Sympatric; Reproductive isolation; Biological Species concept.

Sources of Variations; Population Genetics; Hardy-Weinberg Law and Genetic Drift; Climate change and plant evolution; Weed evolution; Extinctions - an overview; K-T extinction.

 

Suggested Readings

 

CELL BIOLOGY

1. Cooper G.M. (2015). The cell: A Molecular Approach. 7th Edition. Sinauer

Associates.

2. Alberts, B., Johnson, A.D., Lewis, J., Morgan, D., Raff, M., Roberts, K., Walter, P.

(2014). Molecular Biology of Cell. (6th ed.). WW. Norton & Co.

3. Karp, G. (2010). Cell Biology, John Wiley & Sons, U.S.A. 6th edition.

4. Hardin, J., Becker, G., Skliensmith, L.J. (2012). Becker’s World of the Cell. 8th

edition. Pearson Education Inc. U.S.A.

5. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. (2009). The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th

edition. ASM Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.

6. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. (2009). The World of

the Cell. 7thedition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.

7. Power, C.B. 2010: Cell Biology, Himalaya Publishing House, India

 

EVOLUTION

1. Gupta, P.K. 2018. Genetics, Rastogi Publication, India

2. Mark Ridley. Evolution. 3rd Edition. Blackwell Publishing. (2004).

3. Mathur, Tomar, Singh. Evolution and Behaviour. Rastogi Publication, Meerut.

4. Mohan P. Arora. Evolutionary Biology, Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay.

5. Verma P. S. and Agarwal V.K. Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology, Revised Edition. S. Chand Publication (2004).

6. Strickberger. Evolution. Prentic Hall. (2002).

7. Theodore H., Jr Eaton. Evolution. 1st Edition. W. W. Norton Publication. (1970).